Poetic Appreciation : Indian Weavers

 INDIAN WEAVERS by Sarojini Naidu

Poetic Appreciation 

With the help of the following points, write a poetic appreciation of the poem Indian Weavers.

·        About the poem/poet and title

·        The theme/ gist of the poem

·        Poetic style/language / poetic devices

·        Special features

·        Message/values/morals in the poem

·        Your opinion

    2.2 INDIAN WEAVERS

· About the poem/poet and title
Indian Weavers is a short and meaningful poem written by a political activist, feminist and a very famous Indian Poetess Sarojini Naidu. She is also called The Nightingale of India. The poem is about three types of garments that the Indian weavers weave at three particular times of the day. Each stanza represents the three important events of life; birth (Childhood), adulthood(young) and death( old). The title of the poem is very apt and focuses on the life and works of Indian Weavers.
 
· The theme/ gist of the poem
Three stages of human life and the life of Indian weavers is the central theme of the poem. The weavers weave three types of garments at three particular times of a day which represents three stages of human life i.e. birth ( Childhood), adulthood (young) and death (old age).
 
· Poetic style/language / poetic devices
The poem is in question-answer format. The poetess asks questions to the weavers and weavers reply to it. The language of the poem is very simple, rhythmic and easy to understand. Poetic devices like Alliteration, Simile, Metaphor, Imagery and symbolism have been used. The rhyme scheme of the poem is AABB.

· Special features
The poet has portrayed three stages of human life through three different stanzas. Colour imagery used in the poem is very significant as they indicate the moods related to the events. Effective use of images and symbols is one of the special features of the poem. The poem reveals the hard life of Indian Weavers.
 
· Message/Values/Morals in the poem
The message of the poem is that we all have to pass through three stages of life. Everybody who has taken birth is going to die. Unlike weavers, we must keep working and live happily. Death is the final truth of human life.

· My Opinion
I think, the poem is inspirational and conveys a beautiful message. The use of simple language, birds and colour imagery made the poem rather beautiful.

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Film Review

 Q.4  D)    Film Review

Film Review

Film Review is a critical evaluation of a film based on its strong and weak points, characters, roles, theme or message,, and recommendation.

A Film Review allows expressing opinions about the movie, including its characters, plot, and background.

Film Review Example-01

   Click the following link to download the example of Film Review in PDF format.

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2.1 Cherry Tree by Ruskin Bond

 Summary, Analysis and Activty sheet 

Unit 2.1 Cherry Tree        

 -Ruskin Bond

2.1 Cherry Tree by Ruskin Bond

About the Poet:

    Ruskin Bond is regarded as one of the prolific writers of Indian writings. Born in Kasauli, (Himachal Pradesh) in 1934, he grew up in Jamnagar (Gujarat), Dehradun, New Delhi and Shimla. his first novel The Room on the Roof written when he was seventeen and received the John Llewellyn Rhys Memorial Prize in 1957. Since then and he has written over 500 short stories essays and novellas and more than forty books for children. He was conferred the 'Sahitya Akademi Award' in 1992 for Our Trees Still Grow In Dehra. He was also awarded the 'Padmashri' in 1999 and 'Padma Bhushan'in 2014.

Cherry Tree: Ice-breakers Activities and Appreciation 

   Read the following extract carefully and do all the activities that follow.

A.1 State the following statements are TRUE / FALSE.

     1.  The poet wanted his own tree.

               TRUE

     2. They destroyed the Cherry tree

               FALSE

     Correct sentence - Despite many threats, the cherry tree has grown three new shoots 

      in the next spring.

        

     3. The cherry tree did not take long to grow.

              FALSE

      Correct sentence - The cherry tree took 8 years to grow.

     4. The Cherry tree had an instinct to survive

              TRUE

A.2  Give reasons

 The life of the cherry tree was threatened.
Ans: The life of the Cherry tree was threatened because the cherry tree was surrounded by tall wild grass, goat ate the leaves, grass cutter scythe and soon it gets damaged and dried but in the next spring the tree was struggling for light, air and the sun.

A4   Personal opinion

   1. Write a note on 'importance of trees'
                               or
   2. Write a note on 'benefits of trees'
                              or
   3. Trees are revered because -

 i. Trees give us joy

 ii. They give us oxygen & food

 iii. Trees maintain environmental balance

 iv. Trees provide us fruits, flowers, wood and shelter 

 v.   They are the habitat of insects, birds and animals

 vi. They prevent soil erosion and flood. 

A.4  Figures of speech

   1. Personification

1.  ' I found a tree had come to stay.
     It was very small, five months child'

Explanation:  A tree has attributed a human quality of coming and staying.

 2. 'Its arms in a fresh fierce lust'

Explanation: A tree is described as having arms like humans.

    2. Alliteration 

 1. Shrivelled the slender stem...... Even so

Explanation:  sound "s" is repeated rhythmically

 2.  'Its arms in a fresh fierce lust'
Explanation:  sound "f" is repeated rhythmically

A.5  Poetic Creativity 

 Write a poem of your own of four-line on a tree/ a plant.

  

 "Now, I will plant this little tree

 Forever and ever it belongs to me

 It can be short, it can be tall
 They give us oxygen, they give us all.."

                                     OR

  Students can compose their own poem and write it.

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 4.1 History of Novel - TEST 02

Online Test

Read the extract carefully from unit 4.1 History of Novel and solve all the activities given in Google Forms.

Click the below link to solve the TEST on History of Novel

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 4.1. History of Novel

Novel: History, Elements, and its Types.

   'Novel' as a literary genre got the highest level of glory in the 18th century. The eighteenth century has given two entirely new forms to English Literature: The Periodical Essay and The Novel. Today, as far as English Literature is concerned, the Novel form is the most dominant and recent literary genre.

  Table of  Contents... 

• History of Novel: Introduction

• Novella

• Elements of Novel/Novella

• References

• History of Novel- PPT

• History of Novel: Question Bank

History of Novel: Introduction

Among all forms of literature, Novel is very recent in origin. Man is interested in stories since the beginning of human civilization. Fables, myths, fairytales, legends, and parables have always caught his attention. The Novel form emerged in the 18^th century as an independent form of literature. But its germ or origin is in prose romances, which were famous in the middle ages.
E.g.- In the 11^th century (1010) we have The Tale of Genji written by Murasaki Shikibu is a classic work in Japanese Literature that has been described as the world’s FIRST novel.
In 1350 we have Boccaccio’s Decameron - A world-famous collection of short stories which is in the form of prose. 
In the 16^th century, there were plenty of Romances. Amongst them Philip Sidney’s Arcadia, Thomas Nash’s Unfortunate Traveller, and Thomas Lodge’s Rosalind was famous.
In  the  17^thcentury  The Pilgrim’s Progress (1678) by John Bunyan and Oroonoku (1688) by Aphra Behn initiated the plenteous and colourful tradition of the English novels. The tradition was followed by both Jonathan Swift and Daniel Defoe. They both earned wide reputations. Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe and Moll Flanders  and Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver's Travels were famous.
The Novel form emerged in the 18^th century. This is not a one-day development. This is not a sudden change from the short story to the novel but a step-by-step development. It was the prominent form in the 18^th century and onwards to encompass the social, political and cultural happenings and scientific progress.

Novella

    The word Novel is derived from the Latin word Novellus and Italian word Novella which means little new things. The Novella is a type of prose fiction that is shorter than a full-length novel and longer than short stories. It is a well-structured yet short narrative, often satiric or realistic in tone. It usually focuses on one incident or issue with one or two main characters and takes place at a single tradition.

Some examples of  Novella

• The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad
• The Turn of the Screw  by Henry James
• Billy Budd  by Hermann Melville
• Death in Venice by Thomas Mann
• Seize The Day by Saul Bellow
• Pearl by John Steinbeck

>Elements of Novel/ Novella:

There are six elements essential of ‘Novel’ or Novella’. 

   1. PLOT :

• The plot is an important aspect of the novel. The term plot means an artistic arrangement of events. 
• The plot must have a beginning, a middle, and an end and the events should be logically connected to each other.
• The plot may be simple (one plot) or complex (consisting of many subplots).
• Plots can be told in chronological order or flashback. 

  2. CHARACTERS : 

• Characters are people in the story.

• It is the character who generates the action of the novel, creates an appropriate atmosphere and carry forward the themes.

• Characters generate interest in the story and through the characters, the novelist reveals human nature.

• Characters are imaginary human beings in the novel.                          

 TYPES OF CHARACTERS:                                

Major Characters/ Round Characters or Dynamic Characters: 

The major character leads the main role. These characters are described in detail. The story revolves around the central character.

 Minor Characters/ Flat Characters :

 Minor characters are only supporting characters. It does not undergo any substantial change or growth in the story.

3. THEME: 

     The theme is the central idea in the novel which can be expressed in the novel or the theme is the underlying meaning a writer explores in a novel, novella, short story, or any other literary work. It conveys the message of the author through the actions of the characters.

 4. SETTING: 

The setting is the background in which the story takes place. The setting is a TIME and PLACE in which events occur. It tells the reader where and when the story takes place. It creates an appropriate atmosphere in the story. There are several aspects of the setting. It includes place, period, time, climate or weather, and lifestyle. Plot and character are the two major elements that are affected due to the setting.

 5. CONFLICT: 

The conflict is one of the important aspects of the novel. The struggle between two opposite forces in the story is called conflict. The conflict can be internal or eternal. Conflict in the story creates interest and arouses curiosity in the plot. we find different conflicts in the story. E.g. conflict between the protagonist and nature, the conflict between the character and other aspects of the society, etc.

 6. Language/ Style: 

The language and the techniques used by the author for narration is known as the style. An author can use extensive vocabulary and high phrases or he may use linguistic devices to make narration effective. 

References:

1.HSC English Textbook

2. Aspects of Novel by E.M.Forster

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4.1 History of Novel -TEST-01

 4.1 History of Novel

4.1 History of Novel

Online Test

Read the extract carefully from unit 4.1 History of Novel and solve all the activities given in Google Forms.

Click the below link to solve the TEST on 4.1 History of Novel

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On Saying 'Please' by A.G.Gardiner: Online Test

  1.2 On Saying 'Please'

Online Test

Read the extract carefully from unit 1.2 On Saying 'Please' by A..G.Gardinerand solve all the activities given in Google Forms.

Click the below link to solve the TEST on 1.2 OnSaying 'Please" by A.G.Gardiner

    https://forms.gle/VxV4PUpLFKZCJrMu6                

'Indian Weavers' by Sarojini Naidu :Summary and analysis

 2.2- Indian Weavers: Summary & Analysis

'Indian Weavers' by Sarojini Naidu

    Indian Weavers is a beautiful poem written by renowned poet Sarojini Naidu. Sarojini Naidu (1879--1949) was a political activist, feminist and acclaimed poet. She was an important figure in India's struggle for Independence as she played an important role in India's Struggle for Independence. Her contribution to poetry earned her the sobriquet Bharat Kokila or Nightingale of India.    

    Introduction

    Indian Weavers is a short poem consisting of three quatrains. The poem talks about three types of garments that the Indian weavers weave at three particular times of the day. Each stanza of the poem represents the three important events of human life: birth (Childhood), adulthood(young), and death(old). She relates them to different colours and different periods of the day. The poem has been structured in the question-answer pattern. The colours mentioned in the poem are very significant as they indicate the moods related to the events. The poem is a symbolic presentation of a man's journey from birth to death. 

Poetic Appreciation 

Summary and Analysis

Indian Weavers: Stanza-Wise Summary 

    

    Indian Weavers is a short and appealing poem consisting of three stanzas having four lines each. The poem is structured in question-answer format. Below is given its stanza-wise summary.

Stanza -I (Childhood)

'Weavers, Weaving at break of day,
Why do you weave a garment so gay?...
Blue as the wing of the halcyon wild,
We weave the robes of a newborn child.

    In the first stanza, the poetess asks the weavers, why they are weaving such a beautiful and blue coloured garment early in the morning. The cloths are blue in colour as the wing of the halcyon (Kingfisher). The blue colour is a symbol of loyalty and beauty. The  Indian weavers reply that they are weaving these beautiful robes (dress) for a newborn child who just came to the world. The number of images like the break of day, garments so gay and blue as the wing of the halcyon wild are used to describe the first stage of human life which is full of happiness, freshness, beauty, and hope.

Stanza -II (Adulthood)

"Weavers, weaving at fall of night,

Why do you weave a garment so bright?...

Like the plumes of a peacock, purple and green,

We weave the marriage – veils of a queen.."

In the second stanza, the poetess again meets the Indian weavers during the fall of night and asks why they are weaving a cloth late in the evening. She also asks why they are weaving a garment so bright like plumes of peacock purple and green. They reply that the cloth is bright and beautiful because they are weaving for a marriage veil of a queen. The second stanza symbolizes the second stage of life i.e.Adulthood where people quest for a better and prosperous life. The purple and green colour symbolizes the ups and downs of life that makes adulthood bright.

Stanza -III (Old Age)

"Weavers, weaving solemn and still,

What do you weave in the moonlight chill?

White as a feather and white as a cloud,

We weave a dead man‟s funeral shroud."

In the last stanza, the poetess finds that the mood of the weavers got changed. They are quite sorrowful and silent. They are weaving the garment in the moonlight chill which is white as feather and cloud. She asks them what they are weaving. The weavers reply that they are weaving shrouds for a dead person. This stanza represents the final stage of life i.e. death. In this stage, all the colours vanish away and remain only a single color- white which represents eternal peace.

Conclusion:

The poem represents three stages of human life using symbols like clothes and periods of the day. The break of the day represents the beginning of life (Childhood). The fall of night is a symbol of adulthood where people quest for a better and prosperous life. The moonlight chill or night represents the last stage of life i.e. old age (death). The poet beautifully portrays a comparison between the three parts of the weaver's workday and the three stages of human life. Besides, she highlighted the importance of weavers, their hard work, and their thoughts while working.

Rhyme Scheme of the Poem:  AABB

12th English Question Paper Pattern & Question Bank, Maharashtra Board

 12th English Question Paper Pattern and Question Bank         (New Syllabus) 

12th English Question Paper Pattern (New Syllabus)   Maharashtra Board

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English Grammar : Modal Auxiliary

 English Grammar: Modal Auxiliary

Auxiliary Verb:  (सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे)

Auxiliary verbs are helping verbs which help other verbs to form different tenses.

Types of Auxiliary Verbs:

DD Sahyadri : Dnyanganga Video lectures

Doordarshan Sahyadri 

Educational Programme   

Class XII : Arts/ Com / Science

Subject : English

1. Topic : An Astrologer’s Day

Presenter: Swati Desai, Asst. Teacher, Fergusson College.             

Click the following link to watch ' An Astrologer's Day'

     https://youtu.be/JaXrbhRW9Go

2. Topic : On Saying Please

Presenter: Pradnya Kale, Asst. Teacher, Fergusson College.             

Click the following link to watch ' On Saying Please' PART-I.

      https://youtu.be/9DZ2mebXDYw

Click the following link to watch ' On Saying Please' PART-II

       https://youtu.be/On5A2Tcsp0c

'On Saying ’Please’ Activity Sheet

                                                     On Saying ’Please’

ACTIVITY-01

Read the extract and complete the activities given below:            (12)

 (Extract- "The young lift-man-------------------intellectual damages in these matters." ) 

A1. Read the following statements and pick out the statement which expresses the intention of the writer.                                                          (2)

i.         There is an importance of good manners and civility.

ii.       The wound on one’s self-respect is more painful than physical wound.

iii.      One needs to be courteous with a liftman.

iv.      Strict laws can civilize people.

 

     ANS:    i.    There is an importance of good manners and civility.

 

A2. Pick out some examples of behaviour from the extract that are not punishable under law. (Any four)                                                         (2)

 

ANS:  Some examples of behaviour that are not punishable under law:

1.   bad manners/ discourtesy

2.   rude behaviour

3.   scowl on faces

4.   rude tone of voices

  

A3. “The passenger damaged the liftman’s self-respect”. Support your answer with some facts from the extract.                                                       (2)

    ANS: The lift man wanted, the passenger entering into lift must say ‘Top-please’  but the passenger only said ‘Top’. So, he did not only decline to comply with his instruction but he hurled the passenger out of the lift as he damaged the liftman’s self-respect.

 

A4. What if- ‘Discourtesy is a legal offense?’ Write your response in about 30 words. (2)

 

  ANS: Write your own opinion.

 

  

A5. Do as directed.

1) If I am physically assaulted, it will permit me to retaliate.

(Choose correct alternative to use ‘unless’)

i. Unless I am physically assaulted, it will permit me to retaliate.

ii. Unless I am physically assaulted, it would not permit me to retaliate.

iii. Unless I am physically assaulted, it will not permit me to retaliate.

iv.   Unless I am not physically assaulted, it will not permit me to retaliate.

 

ANS:  Unless I am physically assaulted, it will not permit me to retaliate.

 

    2) The law will protect me against violent retaliation.

(Choose the correct alternative to use a modal auxiliary showing ‘obligation’)

i. The law can protect me against violent retaliation.

ii. The law could protect me against violent retaliation.

iii. The law may protect me against violent retaliation.

iv. The law must protect me against violent retaliation.

        ANS: iv. The law must protect me against violent retaliation.

 

A6. Find out the words from the passage which mean the following:                         (2)

i.             Lack of courtesy      -  Discourtesy

ii.           Fight with the fists  -  to box

iii.   Uncultured              -  boorish

iv.   An attacker             -  assailant

HSC Result Declared

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2.5 Father Returning Home - PPT

 2.5 Father Returning Home  - PPT

Kindly click the following  link to download the PPT on the poem Father Returnig Home by Dilip Chitre

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DFREnGW1-OeM6axscGzDhr884OYjgn77/view?usp=sharing

Greetings and Introduction

 Dear Students,

Greetings and Introductions is one of the most important topics in Conversational English. We use greetings and introductions in our first time interaction with people.

There are formal and informal greetings and that some of them can be used in both contexts or situations.

                                                 GREETINGS & INTRODUCTION

Write these expressions in your notebook and practice it.

Expressions for  Greetings:

• Hello/ Hi
• Good morning/ Good afternoon/ Good evening
• Hi, How are you?
• Hello, How are you?
• Hello, everybody.
• Good morning friends/ Good morning guys
• Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen.
• Good evening sir/ Madam.
• Hi, Sujata.
• Hey, what's going on?  etc.

Expressions to Respond to  Greetings:

•  I am fine
• I am pretty good.
• As usual fit &fine.
• I am doing great.
• I am good.
• Not bad
• Not feeling well today.  etc.

• Nice to meet you.
• Good to see you.
• Glad to meet you
• Happy to see you           etc.

    

Expressions for Introducing:

 Hello, what's your name?

Ans: 

•     I am____________ ( your name)
•    My name  is________________
•    This is_____________________

 

Greeting and Introductions Dialogue 

Prashant  :  Hello, Good morning. I am Prashant.

Sujata       : Hello. I am sujata. 

Prashant   : How are you, Sujata?

Sujata       : I am good. Thank you. What about you?

Prashant   :  I am also fine.

Sujata       : Nice to meet you,Prashant.

Prashant   : Same here, Sujata. 

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