Class-11& 12 Writing Skills:
Summary Writing
What is a summary?
Summarizing is an important studying skill. It is a shortened version of a passage, written in one’s own words. The summary covers the essential information/ points of the original passage.
A summary is much shorter than the original text, and communicates the main idea of the text and the main supporting points written again “in one's own words”.
Click the link below to watch a video on Summary Writing
https://youtu.be/scUqZ6D3JtY
- Steps for writing Summary
Read the passage carefully → comprehension (to grasp the meaning of the text.) → underline the main ideas/ main points → rewrite the main points in one paragraph (rough draft) → use your own words as far as possible→ write a final summary with a title
- Remember while writing a summary:
- Find out the central idea of the passage
- Write in simple language
- Do not give your own opinion.
- Use word linkers ( and, or, as well as, but, etc.)
- Write in a single paragraph.
- Give a suitable title
- Remember to eliminate the following:
- Repetition and unnecessary details.
- Figures of speech.
- Quotations.
- Adjectives and adverbs.
- Examples and illustrations.
- Direct speech by using reported speech.
The Art of Condensations ( संक्षिप्त करणे )
1. Eliminate unnecessary information or details-
e.g. My father brought home a flower pot. It was green in colour. It was bird-shaped. I am very much fascinated by birds. Birds play an important role to maintain environmental balance. My sister dropped the flowerpot and it scattered into pieces.
My father brought home a bird-shaped green flower pot but my sister dropped the flower pot and it scattered into pieces.
2. Convert phrases into a single word-
e.g. 1. He is never late and is always on time.
- He is punctual
2. Dr. Patil is a physician who treats diseases of the female reproductive organs and provides well-woman health care
- Dr.Patil is Gynecologist
3. तुझा चेहरा चंद्रासारखा सुंदर, मनमोहक आणि तेजस्वी आहे.
- तू चंद्रमुखी आहेस
3. Use synonyms or synonymous phrases
e.g. 1. He had a good command of
English.
-
He knew English well.
4. Turn complex sentences into simple sentences
e.g. 1. He received a welcome that was as cold as ice
- He received an icy welcome.
2. I
brought home ice cream. Its taste was delicious and it was
made up of chocolate.
- I brought home delicious chocolate ice cream.
5. Combine the sentences using word linkers.
e.g. 1. Rajesh is a handsome boy. He is obedient. He always comes on time for class.
- Rajesh is handsome, obedient and punctual
6. Generalization
e.g. The people from Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, U.P. and other states of India are facing the pandemic disease.
-The Indians are facing the pandemic disease.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aBdqmzyY0vDUeml-Qfw52GyTuFy5IbYj/view?usp=sharing
The newspaper is an important gift of modern science. It has become an important part of our life, so much so that in the absence of a newspaper we feel something issuing from our daily routine. It was introduced in the 18th century in England but it was in the 19th century that it assumed great importance for good or for evil.
Today
every country is flooded with newspapers. There are morning papers, afternoon
papers and evening papers. They also come in all forms such as dailies and
weeklies and almost in all languages.
The
newspaper gives us news on various subjects and informs us of all things
that take us in our country and in the world. Truly, the world has turned into
a global community because of the all-binding influence of the newspaper.
A newspaper
does not give us only news. It also tells us the latest achievement of man
in the field of agriculture, industry, medicine and other various fields. The
newspaper gives us views of great thinkers on the social, economical, and
political problems of the modern world. Thus, the newspaper spreads
knowledge and moulds the thoughts of man. It helps us to form our own opinion
too. It is the cheapest means of communication.
A
democratic state cannot do without the newspaper. The newspaper is known as the
Fourth Estate. It functions as an important link between the Government and the
people. It informs the public about the different policies and decisions of the
government. Newspapers criticize the government if it does anything wrong.
Newspaper works as a watchdog of democracy. In times of war and natural
calamities, they raise funds for the suffering of humanity. Unless we read the
newspaper, our day doesn’t start.
ANS:
The newspaper which was introduced in 18th century England is an important gift of modern Science. There are different types of newspapers which give us news on various subjects and inform us of all things that take us in our country and in the world. The influence of newspapers turned this world into a global community. Besides, it tells us the latest achievement of man in various fields and the views of great thinkers. Being the Fourth Estate of the democratic state, the newspaper functions as an important link between the Government and the people. It works as a watchdog of democracy.
Example - 02
Read the passage carefully and summarize the passage
Communication
is a part of our everyday life. We greet one another, smile or frown, depending
on our moods. Animals, too, communicate, much to our surprise. Just like us,
interaction among animals can be both verbal or non-verbal. Singing is one way
in which animals can interact with one another. Male blackbirds often use their
melodious songs to catch the attention of the females. These songs are usually
rich in notes variation, encoding various kinds of messages. Songs are also
used to warn and keep off other blackbirds from their territory, usually a
place where they dwell and reproduce.
Large
mammals in the oceans sing too, according to adventurous sailors. Enormous
whales groan and grunt while smaller dolphins and porpoises produce pings,
whistles, and clicks. These sounds are surprisingly received by other mates as
far as several hundred kilometers away.
ANS:
Communication in the animal world
Communication is common to both humans and
animals and is used to convey different moods and messages through verbal and
non-verbal modes. Male blackbirds are known to sing to attract females as well
as to keep other blackbirds off their territory. Similarly, sea mammals sing to
attract mates as far as hundreds of kilometers away.
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