ONLINE TEST-02 on Unit 4.1 History of Novel

  Unit 4.1 History of Novel 

 Online Test- 02

Read Unit 4.1 History of Novel and do solve the following Online Test.

Kindly click the following link to solve the Online Test No-02

https://testmozusercontent.com/q/12421712/student

Would you like to solve Online Test No.-01?

Click the following link to solve the Online Test No-01

https://testmozusercontent.com/q/12419638/student

Online Test on Unit 4.1 History of Novel

 Unit 4.1 History of Novel 

 Online Test- 01

Read Unit 4.1 History of Novel and do solve the following Online Test.

Kindly click the following link to solve the Online Test No-01

          https://testmozusercontent.com/q/12419638/student

BLOG WRITING

  BLOG WRITING

 What is a Blog?

• A blog is a discussion or informational website published on the World Wide Web.

• A blog (shortening of “weblog”) is an online informational website displaying information in reverse chronological order, with the latest posts appearing first. 

• It is a platform where a writer or even a group of writers share their views on an individual subject. 

• Each entry is called a post.

Blog structure :

    We get different types of templates for blogs which include some standard features and structure. Here are some common characteristics that a typical blog will consist of:

• Header with the menu or navigation bar
• Main content area 
• Sidebar with profile, popular posts, blog archive etc.
• Footer with relevant links like a disclaimer, privacy policy, contact page, etc.

Here's a list of reasons why people blog and how blogging can benefit your personal
or professional life.:

• Express yourself and share your passions.
• Shexcitingting information.
• Enhance your writing skills..
• Build your professional network.
• Earn more media exposure.

Importance of Blogs

1. Blogs refine your thoughts

2. Blogs reward the creator

3. Blogs increase knowledge

4. Blogs connect us to our people

5. Blogs give introverts a voice

6. Blogs reward the “new age” publishers

7. Blogs accelerate discovery

8. Blogs open up a world without borders

Steps to Write a Blog Post :

Step 1 : Choose a topic.

Step 2 : Give it an attractive title.

Step 3 : Draft a headline that is both informative and catchy

Step 4 : Have an introduction, lead and concluding paragraph that sums up the blog post.

Step 4 : Use images to enhance your post, Use short paragraphs, simple and short sentences and words.

Step 5 : Edit your blog post. Make sure to avoid repetition. Keep sentences

             and paragraphs short. It is alright to delete or modify your writing at the last                            moment. End your post with a discussion question.

Structure of the Blog :

Example 01:

Ref: English Yuvakbharati, Std-XI

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History of Novel- Online Test

  4.1 History of Novel

History of Novel

Dear students, History of Novel is an important unit  as far as the Hsc board examination is concerned.Kindly solve the Online Test on the Unit 4.1 History of Novel

Click the  link below to solve the Online Test on Unit 4.1 'History of Novel' 

Click the below link

https://forms.gle/aTgMh6o4xFgicVRU7

Read more: 

1. Click the  link below to download the PPT on History of Novel.

https://mydevchand.blogspot.com/2020/12/blog-post.html 

Have You Earned Your Tomorrow by Edgar Guest

 Have You Earned Your Tomorrow by Edgar Guest

 Introduction:

Have You Earned Your Tomorrow?  is a motivational poem written by British-American poet Edgar Guest. Due to his optimistic and simple style of writing he is considered as People’s Poet. In the poem he used Rhetorical questions to convey his thoughts. The title of the poem creates interest in the mind of the readers.

The poem explores the importance of good deeds in our life. The poet makes the readers to think about their daily activities. 

Unknown Words:

·    Toiling time – time spent in hard physical work  (कष्ट करण्याचा काळ )

 ·    To utter (v) – speak ( उच्चारणे)

·    Cheerful – gay,  happy, merry ( आनंदी)

·    Greeting – polite words or sign of welcome (अभिवादन करणे)

·    Churlish – rude, ill- mannered. (उध्द्ट)

·    Howdy – an informal friendly greeting (How are you?) (अनौपचारिक अभिवादन- हेलो, कसे काय?)

 ·    Vanish – disappear  (नाहीसे होणे)

 ·    Throng – a large crowd (गर्दी, जमाव)

 ·    Mighty – gigantic, vast, strong, powerful (शक्तिशाली)

 ·    Deed – doing action (कृत्य)

 ·    Slipping fast – going or moving quickly, getting over. ( येथे अर्थ- दिवस निघून जाताना किंवा संपताना)

·    Rejoice – joy thrill, mirth ( आनंद व्यक्त करणे)

 ·     Fading – gradually growing faint, disappearing here getting over. (कमी होणे/ अस्ताला जाणे)

 ·    Sorely –uselessly (व्यर्थपणे)

·    Trail – a mark or a series of signs / objects left behind. ( मार्ग/ खुणा)  

HSC UNIT TEST 1

 12th Std. UNIT TEST-1 

Dear students,

Kindly click the above link to download the paper for HSC English practice Unit Test.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dCaQOGfrjTJMzbUmoCWUlRDgNlB3lxau/view?usp=drivesdk

HSC Result

 

• 12 बारावीचा निकाल आज दिनांक 8 -6-2022 रोजी दुपारी 1.00 वाजता लागणार आहे.

• निकाल पाहण्यासाठी खाली दिलेल्या website चा वापर करा.

• http://hscresult.mkcl.org

• https://msbshes.co.in
• 
  
• mahresult.nic.in

Summary Writing

 Class-11& 12 Writing Skills:
 Summary Writing

 

What is a summary?       

    Summarizing is an important studying skill. It is a shortened version of a passage, written in one’s own words. The summary covers the essential information/ points of the original passage.

 A summary is much shorter than the original text, and communicates the main idea of the text and the main supporting points written again “in one's own words”. 

Click the link below to watch a video on Summary Writing

https://youtu.be/scUqZ6D3JtY

• Steps for writing Summary

   Read the passage carefully → comprehension (to grasp the meaning of the text.) → underline the main ideas/ main points  → rewrite the main points in one paragraph (rough draft) → use your own words as far as possible→ write a final summary with a title

• Remember while writing a summary:

1. Find out the central idea of the passage
2. Write in simple language
3. Do not give your own opinion.
4. Use word linkers ( and, or, as well as, but, etc.)
5. Write in a single paragraph.
6. Give a suitable title

• Remember to eliminate the following:

1. Repetition and unnecessary details.
2. Figures of speech.
3. Quotations.
4. Adjectives and adverbs.
5. Examples and illustrations.
6. Direct speech by using reported speech. 

The Art of Condensations ( संक्षिप्त करणे ) 

1. Eliminate unnecessary information or details-

  e.g. My father brought home a flower pot. It was green in colour. It was bird-shaped. I am very much fascinated by birds. Birds play an important role to maintain environmental balance. My sister dropped the flowerpot and it scattered into pieces.

  My father brought home a bird-shaped green flower pot but my sister dropped the flower pot and it scattered into pieces.

 2. Convert phrases into a single word-

e.g.   1.  He is never late and is always on time.

             - He is punctual

2. Dr. Patil is a physician who treats diseases of the female reproductive organs and provides well-woman health care

 - Dr.Patil is Gynecologist

3.  तुझा चेहरा चंद्रासारखा सुंदर, मनमोहक आणि तेजस्वी आहे.

 - तू चंद्रमुखी आहेस

 3. Use synonyms or synonymous phrases

e.g.   1. He had a good command of English.

              -  He knew English well.

 4. Turn complex sentences into simple sentences

e.g.  1. He received a welcome that was as cold as ice

    - He received an icy welcome.

     2.  I brought home ice cream. Its taste was delicious and it was made up of chocolate.

   - I brought home delicious chocolate ice cream.

5. Combine the sentences using word linkers.

e.g.   1. Rajesh is a handsome boy. He is obedient. He always comes on time for class.

      - Rajesh  is handsome, obedient and punctual

 6.  Generalization

e.g.  The people from Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, U.P. and other states of India are facing the pandemic disease.

  -The Indians are facing the pandemic disease.

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Click the link below to download the notes on summary writing

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aBdqmzyY0vDUeml-Qfw52GyTuFy5IbYj/view?usp=sharing

Example - 01

Read the passage carefully and summarize the passage

    The newspaper is an important gift of modern science. It has become an important part of our life, so much so that in the absence of a newspaper we feel something issuing from our daily routine. It was introduced in the 18th century in England but it was in the 19th century that it assumed great importance for good or for evil.

    Today every country is flooded with newspapers. There are morning papers, afternoon papers and evening papers. They also come in all forms such as dailies and weeklies and almost in all languages.

    The newspaper gives us news on various subjects and informs us of all things that take us in our country and in the world. Truly, the world has turned into a global community because of the all-binding influence of the newspaper.

    A newspaper does not give us only news. It also tells us the latest achievement of man in the field of agriculture, industry, medicine and other various fields. The newspaper gives us views of great thinkers on the social, economical, and political problems of the modern world. Thus, the newspaper spreads knowledge and moulds the thoughts of man. It helps us to form our own opinion too. It is the cheapest means of communication.

    A democratic state cannot do without the newspaper. The newspaper is known as the Fourth Estate. It functions as an important link between the Government and the people. It informs the public about the different policies and decisions of the government. Newspapers criticize the government if it does anything wrong. Newspaper works as a watchdog of democracy. In times of war and natural calamities, they raise funds for the suffering of humanity. Unless we read the newspaper, our day doesn’t start.   

 ANS:

      The newspaper which was introduced in 18th century England is an important gift of modern Science. There are different types of newspapers which give us news on various subjects and inform us of all things that take us in our country and in the world. The influence of newspapers turned this world into a global community. Besides, it tells us the latest achievement of man in various fields and the views of great thinkers. Being the Fourth Estate of the democratic state, the newspaper functions as an important link between the Government and the people. It works as a watchdog of democracy.

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Example - 02

Read the passage carefully and summarize the passage

Communication is a part of our everyday life. We greet one another, smile or frown, depending on our moods. Animals, too, communicate, much to our surprise. Just like us, interaction among animals can be both verbal or non-verbal. Singing is one way in which animals can interact with one another. Male blackbirds often use their melodious songs to catch the attention of the females. These songs are usually rich in notes variation, encoding various kinds of messages. Songs are also used to warn and keep off other blackbirds from their territory, usually a place where they dwell and reproduce.

Large mammals in the oceans sing too, according to adventurous sailors. Enormous whales groan and grunt while smaller dolphins and porpoises produce pings, whistles, and clicks. These sounds are surprisingly received by other mates as far as several hundred kilometers away.

ANS:                       

Communication in the animal world

 Communication is common to both humans and animals and is used to convey different moods and messages through verbal and non-verbal modes. Male blackbirds are known to sing to attract females as well as to keep other blackbirds off their territory. Similarly, sea mammals sing to attract mates as far as hundreds of kilometers away.

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4.3 An Enemy of the People

4.3 An Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen

  An Enemy of the People is a realistic play by renowned playwright Henrik Ibsen. The play, like all other his plays originally written in Norwegian. The play An Enemy of the People explores the municipal politics of a Norwegian town and exposes the hypocrisy of the Progressives and the Democrats.

Introduction: An Enemy of the People

Henrik Ibsen 

Henrik Ibsen ( 20 March 1828- 23 May 1906)

              Henrik Ibsen was a Norwegian playwright, theatre director and poet. Ibsen is often referred to as 'the father of realism and one of the most influential playwrights of his time. In 1869, he began to write prose plays. In 1877, he began what became a series of five plays in which he examines the moral faults of modern society. In order of appearance, the plays were The Pillars of Society, A Doll's House, Ghosts, An Enemy of the People, and The Wild Duck. 

    Like all of Ibsen's plays, An Enemy of the People was originally written in Norwegian.

 

Characters in 'An Enemy of the People'

Write a character sketch of  Dr. Thomas Stockmann.  

         Dr. Stockman is the protagonist of the play ' An Enemy of the People'. He is the Medical Officer of the Municipal Baths and the brother of Mayor Peter Stockmann. He is an ideal person who loves his family. He respects social values and fights against social injustice. He raises his voice against social evils and selfish and corrupt people.

Other Characters in the Play 'An Enemy of the People'

•  Peter Stockmann - The Doctor's elder brother and Mayor of the Town and Chief                                          Constable, Chairman of the Baths' Committee.

•  Mrs. Stockmann: Wife of Dr. Thomas Stockmann

•  Petra : Daughter of Dr. Thomas Stockmann, a teacher.

• Ejlif and Morten- Dr. Thomas Stockmann's sons, aged 13 and 10, respectively.

• Hovstad-Editor of the "People's Messenger."

• Billing - Sub-editor of the "People's Messenger."

• Captain Horster- An old friend of Dr. Stockmann.

•  Aslaksen -A printer. 

Plot of the  'An Enemy of the People'

The protagonist of the play Dr. Stockmann, a medical officer of the municipal baths, finds out that the bath water is contaminated. He is proven right after clinical tests. Therefore he wants to publish an article and expose the corruption. However, Peter Stockmann, his brother and the mayor of the town and the Chairman of the Bath committee, warns him of terrible consequences for him and his family if he publishes the article. Hovstad, the editor of People's Messenger, and Aslaksen, the printer, are hand in glove with Peter and decide not to publish the article. So Dr. Stockmann decides to hold a town meeting which turns disastrous, in which town people shout," He is an enemy of the people." His home is pelted with stones, windows are smashed, he becomes the target of people's ire. His contract as the medical officer is terminated, his daughter Petra is removed from her job as a teacher, his landlord wants to evict him and his family from their home. But he stands firm in the face of difficulties and ignores Peter's advice to leave the town for a few months. His wife is afraid that people might drive him out of the town. But Dr. Stockmann replies that he intends to stay and make the people understand "that consideration of expediency turn morality and justice upside down." What is convenient is not always morally right. He ends by proclaiming, "'The strongest man in the world is he who stands alone."

 

Synopsis  of the Act-III of  'An Enemy of the People'

Dr. Stockmann has discovered that the new baths built in his town are infected with a deadly disease and instructs the town to repair or close the baths. The Mayor, who is Dr. Stockmann's brother, does not believe the report and refuses to close the baths because it will cause the financial ruin of the town. Dr. Stockmann tries to take his case to the people, but the mayor intercedes and explains to the people how much it will cost to repair the baths. He explains that the Doctor is always filled with wild, fanciful ideas. In a public meeting, he has his brother declared an enemy of the people. The doctor decides to leave the town, but at the last minute comes to the realization that he must stay and fight for the things he believes to be right.

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Brainstorming Activities will be added soon.

Ref:  English Yuvakbharati Std-XI

Tiger Hills by General Ved Prakash Malik

 Tiger Hills

                           General Ved Prakash Malik

                      

Activity Sheet-01

Q . 1. A] Read the extract and complete the activities given below:                 [12]  

        Tiger Hill towers majestically above all other mountaintops in its vicinity. Although located almost 10 kilometers north of the Srinagar-Kargil-Leh highway, the enemy position on this mountaintop dominated parts of this highway. After the recapture of Tololing and the adjacent features, evicting the enemy from this well-fortified position became a priority.

        As the sharp triangular top of Tiger Hill was clearly visible from the highway, and appeared almost impossible to capture, the media had projected the entire episode as a national challenge.

Brigadier M.P.S. Bajwa, commander, 192 Mountain Brigade, assigned the mission of capturing Tiger Hill to 18 grenadiers, now rested and recouped after their achievements at Tololing and Hump, and to 8 Sikh, which was already deployed at its base. Both these units were assisted by a crack team from the High Altitude Warfare School, with maximum possible artillery, engineering and other combat support.

        Throughout the last week of June 1999, 18 Grenadiers probed to establish the extent of the

the enemy’s defenses and to scout for suitable routes for the assault. A simultaneous multidirectional assault emerged as the best strategy. The commanding officer of the 41 Field Regiment drew up an elaborate artillery fire plan. Individual guns were ranged so as to cover each objective. Bofors guns were used in a direct firing role once again, with inspiring accuracy. On the day of the assault, nearly 120 field and medium guns, 122-mm multibarrelled Grad rocket launchers and mortars rained death and destruction on the enemy at Tiger Hill. The Air Force, too, targeted Tiger Hill on 2-3 July and hit the bull’s eye several times during its missions.

        For the first time in India’s military history, a TV channel covered the battle live: a sign of progress and transparency, not to mention the on-screen depiction of confidence. The Tiger Hill feature extends about 2200 meters from west to east and about 1000 meters north to south. The main extension is towards the west, on which there are two prominent protrusions. The first, approximately 500 meters west of Tiger Hill, had been named ‘India Gate’, and the second, ‘Helmet’ (located another 300 meters away). Approximately one company of 12 Northern Light Infantry (Pakistan) held the whole feature.

A1. Complete the lines by finding out the meaningful words/phrases/ statements from the above extract.   

 1. The first, approximately 500 meters west of Tiger Hill, is named India Gate.
2. The Air Force targeted  Tiger Hill on 2-3 July.
3. The commanding officer of 41 Field Regiment drew up an elaborate artillery fire plan 
4. The Tiger Hill feature extends about 2200 meters from west to east and about 1000 meters north to south.

A2. Describe ‘Tiger Hill’ in brief with the help of the reference given in the extract. 

Ans: Tiger Hill is a beautiful mountain top located almost 10 km north of the Kargil-Leh-Srinagar Highway. The Tiger Hill feature extends about 2200 meters from west to east and about 1000 meters north to south. The main extension is towards the west.

A3. Find out the new war strategy of the Indian Army mentioned in the extract.

Ans: A simultaneous multidirectional assault, elaborate artillery fire plan by the commanding officer of 41 Field Regiment and the attack by The Air Force were the best strategies applied by the Indian Army to capture Tiger Hill.

A4. Would you like to join the Indian Army? Give reasons.

Ans: Yes. I would like to join the Indian Army because I am passionate about armed forces. I want to serve my Nation. This job will give me an opportunity to face the adventurous tasks in my life. That's why I want to join the Indian Army.

(Also you can write your own opinions  )

A5) Language study :                                 

 i). Tiger Hill towers majestically above all other mountaintops in its vicinity.               

 (Choose the correct alternative to indicate the tense of a given sentence.)                                      

a.   Simple Present Tense.                                                                                                                 

b.  Simple Past Tense.                                                                                                                        
c. Present Perfect Tense.                                                                                           
d.Past Perfect  Tense.                                                                                                                 

ii) . Both these units were assisted by a crack team from the High Altitude Warfare School.      

(Choose the correct alternative to get the Active Voice of the given sentence.)  

 a.    Both these units  assisted  a crack team from the High Altitude Warfare School 

 b.   A crack team from the High Altitude Warfare School were assisted both these units.        

                
c.   A crack team from the High Altitude Warfare School was assisted both these units.          

         
d.  A crack team from the High Altitude Warfare School assisted both these units.
 

A6) Vocabulary:                                        (2)    

Find out any four words related to 

war from the extract.

ANS: i) assault   ii) artillery fire    iii)  firing   iv) rocket launchers  v) enemy position  etc.

          

Unit 4.1 History of Drama

Std- XI  Unit 4.1.  History of English Drama

 UNIT 4.1-  HISTORY OF ENGLISH DRAMA 

Click the link below to download
Unit 4.1 'History of Drama' objective questions with solutions in PDF.

         4.1 History of English Drama: Objective Questions with Solutions 

Kindly click the below link to download the History of Drama objective-type questions for class 11th in pdf format.     

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SbLLd-xvKGcXPZw5n9_9VJN5_SI49leG/view?usp=sharing                          

            

                             *******************

                      

E-Mail Writing

 E-Mail Writing Examples Class-12 std

 As far as HSC Board Examination is concerned 'E-mail writing' is an important topic. I have given herewith some solved E-mail examples. 

Click the below link to download the solved examples of E-mail writing in PDF format.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_dGYhywf8N7lROXLhHdWklU3vYsOspGr/view?usp=sharing

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Drafting Virtual Message

 Drafting Virtual Message Class-12 std

 As far as HSC Board Examination is concerned 'Drafting virtual Message' is an important topic. I have given herewith the solutions of all the examples from the Textbook. 

Click the below link to download the solutions of Drafting Virtual Massage in PDF format.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bKHaLqYIG0uNU1rhnP_vVZQblgFHkK2G/view?usp=sharing

*********************************

Unit 2.3 There is Another Sky by Emily Dickinson

 XI std. Unit-2.3  There is Another Sky 

Click the below link to download the PPT on Unit 2.3 There is Another Sky

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hQKIr_VTBSCFVZgd516LlsPHz5oQAfv8/view?usp=sharing 

Appreciation of the Poem

2.3 THERE IS ANOTHER SKY

About the poem, poet, and title.

‘There is Another Sky’ is a motivational poem written by well-known American poetess Emily Dickinson. She is known for her inspirational and philosophical writing. In this poem, she gives an encouraging message of ‘never-say-die.’ It is a Petrarchan sonnet with octave and sestet. The tone of the poem is optimistic and positive.  The title of the poem ‘There is Another Sky’ is metaphorically used and very apt and optimistic.

 Theme/ summary/gist of the poem.

The poet is communicating with her younger brother through a letter. The poet is consoling her brother who is nervous and in darkness. She encourages him not to lose confidence and not to get depressed because there is another sky for him. This another sky will shine brightly and give him hope, peace and happiness. She compares two places in the poem. One is gloomy, colourless and lonely and another is a serene, evergreen with blooming flowers and humming bees. She pleads with him to come to her garden.  She inspires her brother to overcome life’s frustrations. She urges him to develop a positive attitude.

  Poetic style/ language, poetic devices used in the poem.

The poem is a Petrarchan sonnet with an octave (8 lines stanza) and a sestet (6 lines stanza). The poet often used slant rhymes & unconventional capitalization and punctuation. The language of the poem is symbolic. Different figures of speech like metaphor, alliteration, inversion, repetition, hyperbole, etc. have been effectively used.

 Special features/ novelties/ focusing elements.

This is an inspirational poem. The poet has described two different shades of human feelings by using imagery of various forces of Nature in the poem. Two opposing human feelings have been described by the poet. The octave describes sad and gloomy aspects of life on the other hand the sestet describes the brighter side of life. Metaphorical language and nature imageries are special features of the poem.

Message/values/ morals in the poem.

The poem is an inspirational poem with a message of ‘never-say-die.’ Life is full of challenges and one can tackle the challenges with a positive attitude is the moral of the poem.

Your opinion about the poem.

            In my opinion, the poem is very inspirational and optimistic. I am really inspired by reading this poem and learned that never get depressed and one should not give up under any circumstances.

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Click the below link to download the PPT on Unit 2.3 There is Another Sky

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hQKIr_VTBSCFVZgd516LlsPHz5oQAfv8/view?usp=sharing

 

 

Poetic Appreciation of the Poems : Unit 2.1 to 2.5

HSC English 

Appreciation of the Poem- 12th Std English

Appreciation of the Poem: 2.1 Song of the Open Road
Appreciation of the Poem: 2.2 Indian Weavers
Appreciation of the Poem: 2.3 The Inchcape Rock
Appreciation of the Poem: 2.4 Have You Earned Your Tomorrow
Appreciation of the Poem: 2.5   Father Returning Home

Q 3) B. With the help of the following points, write a poetic appreciation of the poem

• About the poem/poet and title
• The theme/ gist of the poem
• Poetic style/language / poetic devices
• Special features
• Message/values/morals in the poem 
• Your opinion

2.1 Song of the Open Road 

·        About the poem/poet and title

     'Song of the Open Road ' is an inspirational and beautiful poem written by renowned American poet Walt Whitman. He is also called ' The Father of Free Verse '. This poem is taken from one of his famous poetry collections ‘Leaves of Grass’. The title of the poem is very apt and symbolic and suggests freedom.

 ·        The theme/ gist of the poem

            The theme of the poem is freedom. The word ‘free’ here means being able to do anything he/she wants to do. The poet encourages the readers to continue their journey despite troubles in life. The poet wants to go out from all restrictions.

 ·        Poetic style/language / poetic devices

          The poem contains four stanzas. The poem is written in free verse. The language of the poem is simple and effective. The poem is a dramatic monologue. There are many poetic devices used in the poem such as paradox, transferred epithet, repetition and metaphor.

 ·        Special features

          The poem is a dramatic monologue. The poet himself is the narrator or speaker. The poet has put the last stanza in a bracket. It reflects the poet’s own struggle in his journey of life.

 ·        Message/values/morals in the poem

The poem gives us an inspirational message and teaches us to live a happy and optimistic life. We should believe in ourselves. Don’t expect anything from anyone.

·        Your opinion

This is an inspirational poem. It inspires us to explore the world by using our abilities. We should take our life positively without any complaints or regrets. The poet advises us to be happy with a positive attitude towards life.

                                           *****************

2.2 INDIAN WEAVERS

·        About the poem/poet and title

Indian Weavers is a short and meaningful poem written by a political activist, feminist and a very famous Indian Poetess Sarojini Naidu. She is also called The Nightingale of India. The poem is about three types of garments that the Indian weavers weave at three particular times of the day. Each stanza represents the three important events of life; birth (Childhood), adulthood (young) and death( old). The title of the poem is very apt and focuses on the life and works of Indian Weavers.

·        The theme/ gist of the poem

Three stages of human life and the life of Indian weavers is the central theme of the poem. The weavers weave three types of garments at three particular times of a day which represents three stages of human life i.e. birth ( Childhood), adulthood (young) and death (old age).

 ·        Poetic style/language / poetic devices

The poem is in question-answer format. The poetess asks questions to the weavers and weavers reply to it. The language of the poem is very simple, rhythmic and easy to understand. Poetic devices like Alliteration, Simile, Metaphor, Imagery and symbolism have been used. The rhyme scheme of the poem is AABB.

·        Special features

The poet has portrayed three stages of human life through three different stanzas. Colour imagery used in the poem is very significant as they indicate the moods related to the events. Effective use of images and symbols is one of the special features of the poem. The poem reveals the hard life of Indian Weavers.

·        Message/Values/Morals in the poem

The message of the poem is that we all have to pass through three stages of life. Everybody who has taken birth is going to die. Unlike weavers, we must keep working and live happily. Death is the final truth of human life.

·        My Opinion

I think, the poem is inspirational and conveys a beautiful message. The use of simple language, birds and colour imagery made the poem rather beautiful.

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2.3     The Inchcape Rock

·        About the poem/poet and title

               The Inchcape Rock a ballad is written by Robert Southey. He was one of the Lake Poets and Poet Laureate of England. The poem is about the dangerous rock near the Scottish coast. Robert Southey was inspired by the story of a pirate who cut the bell which was placed on The Inchcape Rock by the Abbot of Aberbrothok. The title of the poem is very suitable because the Rock is a central attraction of the poem.

 ·        The theme/ gist of the poem

                 The central theme of the poem revolves around the proverb 'As you sow, so shall you reap '. It is about Sir Ralph a sea-pirate who removed the warning bell from the Inchcape Rock installed by the Abbot of Aberbrothok. The Inchcape bell was very useful for the Mariners but Sir Ralph cuts the bell in jealousy. Finally, the pirate became the victim of The Inchcape Rock.

 ·        Poetic style/language / poetic devices

           The poem is a ballad. It contains 17 stanzas of four lines each. The rhyme scheme of the poem is AABB. Poetic devices such as alliteration, antithesis, inversion, metaphor, onomatopoeia, personification, and repetition are effectively used.

 ·        Special features

The poem is didactic in nature.  Old English (Archaic) words like ‘blest’ ‘quoth’, ‘canst’ have been used. The poet has used symbolism in the poem. Besides, he used narrative techniques to enhance the effect of the poem. Beautiful verbal images of the calm atmosphere of the sea, the sun, etc. have been used in the poem.

·        Message/values/morals in the poem

The poem gives us a message that those who do wrong things will meet with due punishment. The values will remain forever.

 ·        Your opinion

        I like this poem very much because the poem is like a moral story. It is didactic and it has current relevance too.

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2.4 Have You Earned Your Tomorrow

·        About the poem/poet and title

         The poem ' Have You Earned Your Tomorrow ' is an inspirational and thought-provoking poem written by the well-known British American poet Edgar Guest. Edgar Guest is known as a people's poet for his simple style and optimistic tone of writing. The title of the poem is very apt and self-explanatory.

·        The theme/ gist of the poem

        The theme of the poem is very clear. According to the poet, you should live each day to help others and give a small contribution to improve their lives. If you are able to help others and kind enough probably you may earn your tomorrow.

·        Poetic style/language / poetic devices

The poem is in simple language and has four stanzas of four lines each with rhyme scheme AABB. Poetic devices like alliteration, interrogation are effectively used. The use of interrogation is prominent.

·         Special features

The special feature of the poem is the pattern of rhetorical questions, simple language and the great message that enables us to think.

·        Message/values/morals in the poem

The poet has conveyed a clear message that is even the smallest good deed of one's part is enough to guarantee a better tomorrow for oneself. We should realize our responsibility for the society we live in.

·        Your opinion

I like this poem very much as it is an inspirational poem. It gives a moral lesson of humanity. The poet suggests that we must be kind and help others to improve their lives.

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 2.5   Father Returning Home

·       About the poem/poet and title

         The poem Father Returning Home is written by renowned poet Dilip Chitre. He was a well-known bilingual poet and translator with remarkable work in Marathi & English. This poem is taken from his famous work 'Traveling in a cage '. The poem depicts the portrait of a suburban commuter/father / an old man and his dull, silent, monotonous daily routine.

·        The theme/ gist of the poem

         The main theme of the poem is alienation and isolation. The poet shows the loneliness and isolated life of an old man in modern society. The painful loneliness of a father is a symbol of man’s isolation from the materialistic man-made world.  Besides the generation gap between the father and his children is also a prominent theme of the poem.

 ·        Poetic style/language / poetic devices

       This two stanza poem is written in free verse, so it has no meter or rhyme scheme. The lack of rhythm is symbolic of the poet's father's monotonous and dull life. The language of the poem is simple and informal but full of many imageries and poetic devices like simile, Alliteration and onomatopoeia.

·             Special features

The poem is expressed through the perspective of a son. The poem has an autobiographical touch. It is full of symbolic expression. The poem is divided into two parts. In the first stanza, the father’s pitiable routine life is picturized and in the second stanza, a forced alienation is reflected through the stale food and lack of sharing.

·         Message/values/morals in the poem

    The message conveyed in the poem is that old people are neglected and not cared for in modern society. The generation gap has created disrespect for the elders in modern society.

·        Your opinion

            I feel very sad about the father / an old man shown in the poem. I like the poem for its today’s relevance.

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